Aspergillosis
Also known as: Aspergillus infection, Fungal lung infection
Aspergillosis is an infection caused by Aspergillus, a common mold that lives indoors and outdoors. Most people breathe in Aspergillus spores every day without getting sick. However, people with weakened immune systems or lung diseases are at a higher risk of developing health problems due to Aspergillus. The types of health problems caused by Aspergillus include allergic reactions, lung infections, and infections in other organs.
Aspergillosis is like getting sick from a mold called Aspergillus. This mold is everywhere, but it usually only makes people with weak immune systems or lung problems sick. It can cause coughing, fever, and trouble breathing, but doctors can give you medicine to help you get better.
Signs & Symptoms
- Fever
- Cough (may produce blood or mucus)
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Invasive aspergillosis can affect other organs, leading to organ-specific symptoms
Treatment Options
Voriconazole
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE Approved 2002Itraconazole
MODERATELY EFFECTIVE Approved 1992Posaconazole
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE Approved 2006Isavuconazole
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE Approved 2015Amphotericin B
MODERATELY EFFECTIVECorticosteroids (for allergic forms)
MODERATELY EFFECTIVESurgical resection (for aspergilloma)
HIGHLY EFFECTIVESupportive care (oxygen therapy, nutritional support)
SUPPORTIVEDiagnosis
- Chest X-ray
- CT scan
- Sputum culture
- Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
- Blood tests (e.g., galactomannan assay, beta-D-glucan assay)
- Biopsy of affected tissue
History
Aspergillosis was first described in the 19th century. The association between Aspergillus and lung disease was recognized early on, and the understanding of the different forms of aspergillosis has evolved over time with advances in medical mycology and immunology.
Recent Breakthroughs
Novel Antifungal Agents in Development
Several new antifungal agents are in preclinical and clinical development, showing promise for improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to existing treatments for aspergillosis.
Improved Diagnostic Methods for Invasive Aspergillosis
Advances in molecular diagnostics, such as PCR-based assays, are improving the speed and accuracy of diagnosing invasive aspergillosis, leading to earlier treatment and better outcomes.