Craniosynostosis
Also known as: Cranial stenosis, Premature cranial suture closure, Skull malformation
Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant's skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull. Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it compensates by growing more in other directions. This results in an abnormal head shape. In some cases, the increased pressure inside the skull can lead to impaired vision, sleep problems, or impaired mental development. Craniosynostosis affects approximately 1 in every 2,500 births.
Imagine your skull is made of puzzle pieces. Sometimes, one or more of those pieces get stuck together too early. This can change the shape of your head and might need surgery to fix it.
Signs & Symptoms
- Abnormal head shape
- Absent or late-closing fontanelle
- Hard ridge along affected sutures
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Headache
- Vision problems
- Developmental delay
- Seizures
Treatment Options
Endoscopic surgery
HIGHLY EFFECTIVEOpen cranial vault remodeling
HIGHLY EFFECTIVEHelmet therapy
MODERATELY EFFECTIVEManagement of increased intracranial pressure
SUPPORTIVEDiagnosis
- Physical examination
- Skull X-rays
- CT scan
- MRI
- Genetic testing
History
The first descriptions of craniosynostosis date back to the 19th century. Surgical techniques for correction have evolved significantly over time, from extensive open procedures to minimally invasive endoscopic approaches.
Recent Breakthroughs
Advancements in Endoscopic Craniosynostosis Surgery
Improved endoscopic techniques and instrumentation have led to smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, and shorter hospital stays for infants undergoing craniosynostosis surgery.
Genetic Insights into Craniosynostosis
Identification of novel genetic mutations associated with craniosynostosis has improved diagnostic accuracy and genetic counseling for affected families.